Adjective or Relative Clause

Adjective Clause is a dependent clause used adjective within a sentences to describe noun. Relative pronoun usually used to introduce an adjective clause. We can said Relative pronoun as a adjective clause mean clause used as an adjective to explain the noun or pronoun condition. Adjective clause usually begins with a Relative pronoun like which, that, who, whom, whose and a relative adverb like where, when, why.

Relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called relative pronoun cause it relates to the word or sentences that it modifies.Relative Pronoun :

·     Which, replace nouns and pronouns that refer to animals or things. It cann't replace nouns and pronouns that refer to people. It can be the subject of a verb. It can also be the object of a verb or preposition.

·      That, replace nouns and pronouns that refer to people, animals or things. It can be the subject of a verb. It can also be the object of a verb or preposition.

·     Who, replace nouns and pronouns that refer to people. It cann't replace nouns and pronouns that refer to animals or things. It can be the subject of a verb.

·     Whom, replace nouns and pronouns that refer to people. It cannot replace nouns and pronouns that refer to animals or things. It can be the object of a verb or preposition. It cannot be the subject of a verb.

·        Whose, replace possessive forms of nouns and pronouns. It can refer to people, animals or things. It can be part of a subject or part of an object of a verb or preposition, but it cannot be a complete subject or object.

           

Relative Adverb :

• When, replace a time like in+year, in+month, on+day. It cann't be a subject but it can be eliminated.
• Where, replaces a places like in+area, in+city, at+school. It cann't be a subject but it can be eliminated. in a preposition like at, in, to usually must be added.

·    Why, replaces a reason for something to explain. Iit cann't be a subject but it can be eliminated.

Turning Adjective Clauses into Phrases

An adjective clause with a subject pronoun - such as which, that or who - can also be shortened into a phrase.

You can shorten an adjective clause in two ways:

1. Omit the subject pronoun and verb.
2. Omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to the form ending in "ing."

Here are some examples of how to create an adjective phrase:

Adjective Clause: The books, which are lost, are not really necessary.

Adjective Phrase: The books lost are not really necessary.

Adjective Clause: The girl who is running is my best friend.

Adjective Phrase: The girl running is my best friend

Examples of adjective clause :

• Pizza, which most people love, is not very healthy.
• The people whose names are on the list will go to camp.
• Grandpa remembers the old days when there was no television. 
• Fruit that is grown organically is expensive.
• Students who are intelligent get good grades.
• Eco-friendly cars that run on electricity save gas.
• I know someone whose father served in World War II.
• Making noise when he eats is the main reason why Sue does not like to eat with her brother.

Example a part of article containing the adjective clause (underline) :

Computers and Education in America

Computers do allow students to expand their learning beyond the classroom, but the distance learning is not a utopia. Some businesses, such as Hewlett Packard, do have mentoring programs with children in the schools, but those mentoring programs are not available to all students. Distance learning has always been a dream of administrators, eager to figure out a cheaper way to deliver education. They think that little Eva and Johnny are going to learn about Japanese culture or science or algebra in the evening when they could be talking with their friends on the phone or watching television. As education critic Neil Postman points out, these administrators are not imagining a new technology but a new kind of child: "In [the administrator's] vision, there is a confident and typical sense of unreality. Little Eva can't sleep, so she decides to learn a little algebra? Where does little Eva come from? Mars?" Only students from some distant planet would prefer to stick their nose in a computer rather than watch TV or go to school and be with their friends.

Their short attention spans, their unwillingness to explore subjects in depth, their poor reading and evaluation skills. Computers also tend to isolate students, to turn them into computer geeks who think cyberspace is actually real. Some students have found they have a serious and addictive case of "Webaholism," where they spend hours and hours on the computer at the expense of their family and friends. Unfortunately, computers tend to separate, not socialize students. Finally, we need to think about who has the most to gain or lose from computers in the schools. Are administrators getting more students "taught" for less money? Are big companies training a force of computer worker bees to run their businesses? Will corporate CEO's use technology to isolate and control their employees?

Like all cults, this one has the intention of enlisting mindless allegiance and acquiescence. People who have no clear idea of what they mean by information or why they should want so much of it are nonetheless prepared to believe that we live in an Information Age, which makes every computer around us what the relics of the True Cross were in the Age of Faith: emblems of salvation.

--Dudley Erskine Devlin--

Questions and Answers of the excercises :

1.  I talked to the woman she was sitting next to me

     I talked to the woman who was sitting next to me 

 2. I have a class it begins at 08.00 Am

     I have a class which begins at 08.00 Am

3. The man called the police his car was stolen

    The man whose car was stolen called the police

4. The building is very old he lives there

    The building where he lives is very old

5. The woman was ms Silvy I saw her

    The woman whom I saw was ms Silvy

Reference :                                  

http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/relativeclterm.htm

http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/adjectiveclause.htm

http://faculty.deanza.edu/flemingjohn/stories/storyReader$20

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/pronouns-relative.htm

http://www.englishpractice.com/grammar/relative-adverbs/

http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/adjclterm.htm

http://eslbee.com/AdjClauses.htm

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/adj.htm

http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/documents/standsum/com3a2a.cfm

Active and Passive Sentences

1.     Theory Active and Passive Sentences

Active Form

In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.

[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]

 Examples :

1. The hunter killed the lion.

2. Someone has cleaned the windows.

Passive Form

In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.

[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]

 Examples :

1. The lion was killed by the hunter.

2. The windows have been cleaned.

Active / Passive Overview

	Active	Passive
Simple Present	Once a week, Tom cleans the house.	Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.
Present Continuous	Right now, Sarah is writing the letter.	Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah.
Simple Past	Sam repaired the car.	The car was repaired by Sam.
Past Continuous	The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.	The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
Present Perfect	Many tourists have visited that castle.	That castle has been visited by many tourists.
Present Perfect Continuous	Recently, John has been doing the work.	Recently, the work has been being done by John.
Past Perfect	George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.	Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license.
Past Perfect Continuous	Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris.	The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris.
Simple Future will	Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM.	The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
Simple Future be going to	Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.	A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
Future Continuous will	At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes.	At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John.
Future Continuous be going to	At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes.	At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John.
Future Perfect will	They will have completed the project before the deadline.	The project will have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect be going to	They are going to have completed the project before the deadline.	The project is going to have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect Continuous will	The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.	The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Future Perfect Continuous be going to	The famous artist is going to have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.	The mural is going to have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Used to	Jerry used to pay the bills.	The bills used to be paid by Jerry.
Would Always	My mother would always make the pies.	The pies would always be made by my mother.
Future in the Past Would	I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM.	I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM.
Future in the Past Was Going to	I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.	I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made by Sally tonight.

2.          Article :

Keeping in touch with bass fishing reports.

Fishing nowadays is already considered as a form of sport. In the past fishing is a form of occupation and used to strive for living. They catch fishes for their food and some are for earning some money.

Fishing activities are done in water. This maybe in sea, rivers, lakes, bays, and in other form of water. Almost all bodies of water are rich in fishes and other water products that the fishers are after to. So fishing can be done anywhere and anytime because we are surrounded by bodies of water. Many fish can be caught with fishing techniques that correct.

It is a fact the world is composed of seventy five per cent water, and the land is only composed of twenty five per cent. So fishing is very usual to people especially to those who live in nearby shores and water reservoir.

Fishing is fun to do. It brings lots of enjoyment and relaxation to the fisher. Not only these, fishing also contributes to the development of human body because it can be used as form of exercise, not only for human body, it also help our mind to function well, for mind should be used properly in this sport.

There organization groups for bass fishing. They provide education program and enhancement of methods and techniques in bass fishing. They are educating people about fishing through books, flyers and leaflets, and the most sought out way of education that the fishing enthusiasts choose education through the internet.

These organizations for fishing have their very own sites in the web for easier access of their members. Educational materials, advertisements, and tips are posted in their updated pages.

Fishing tournaments are also offered by these organizations. The fishing enthusiasts are very much interested with this. In tournaments, all outgoing and adventurous fishers are joining because of the fun they can have.

In the pages of these sites, fishing reports are being posted for the other fishing lovers to read. These articles are being posted for them to be able to share the experiences and activities regarding fishing that they have done.

These reports are much patronized by the enthusiasts for these are providing tips to a better and more successful fishing. Articles’ regarding the activities of fishing includes some anecdotes and newly discovered new techniques.

Pictures and images are also present in these reports to more entertain the fishers that are visiting the sites. These pictures are usually eye catching and make amazements to the part of the viewers.

Tips for better fishing are also available in the sites of these fishing organizations. They provide advices that will help in the enhancement and improvement of the fisher’s capabilities in fishing.

Some of the tips and advices in some of the pages that are posted in the bass fishing reports are the following. They are already summarized for easy understanding of the readers

You need to fish bass differently in different kinds of water quality. Following these general guidelines will improve your fishing quality:

Muddy Water: In low-visibility water, a bass finds food using its sonar senses. You must use lures with the best vibration and noise. You can tell if a lure has a high vibration by feeling the shaking of your rod as you bring in the lure. Use your heaviest vibrators and keep them coming at a steady pace so that bass can detect it.

Clear Water: Bass are overly cautious in clear water with high visibility. Their survival instincts kick in, and they are wary of anything out of the ordinary. Use lighter lines that are less visible. Also, use longer casts and lures that resemble bass food in the area. Spinners usually work in clear water, but if they are not working try a black spinner blade to reduce the flash.

Normal Water: This water has normal algae and plankton that filters out sunlight. It is ideal for all types of lures, as the bass are not timid. Use the shotgun approach here and set up 3 outfits, one using a surface lure, one using a deep diver, and the last using a plastic worm. Do about 10 casts with each, and then switch them up to different variations. This is a great way to find out what is working.

Bass fishing reports are of big help in for the enthusiasts of fishing. Other fishers should also contribute and send their reports for the development of the fishing sport.

Active Sentences :

They are educating people about fishing through books, flyers and leaflets, and the most sought out way of education that the fishing enthusiasts choose education through the internet.

Passive Sentences :

Many fish can be caught with fishing techniques that correct.

The New KPK Leadership

People of indonesia which ones have not heard that name qualmish corruption . Actually the people had indeed saturated with what is happening in this country . Every print media and electronic must be played corruption cases . As if the case is compulsory in indonesia and seoalh-olah this country have been condemned by whose name was corruption . But society continues the hope of change upon this people . And also public is very depended by lembaga kpk . The commission had inhabited new with the leader of the young is abraham samad . A lot of people who wish filled with the emergence of new leader young this . Besides the new leader had been following this organization anti-corruption and also he is not from any other political party . As though it is a financier early for this new leader in carrying out tasks his new . We as a society can only hope and pray for the best for this people away .

Fall Apart to PSSI

Almost all indonesian people like football sport . From men , women , old , young all like football . Even who don 't like football was now to enthusiastic even though that 's only a moment . Be seen from antusiasnya the people of indonesia will football pssi should be able to give further appreciation persepakbolaan the students in indonesia . But unfortunately , indonesia where national football team shown penigkatannya not accompanied by the improving pssi in the body . After the withdrawal of public order nurdin khalid wants the change occurred toward better pssi in the body . But what we see today , instead of showing deterioration pssi severe compared with the era of nurdin khalid with the increase in johar arifin panigoro . Professional league should have been acknowledged by pssi is illegal league pssi eyes . And pssi instead make new league setyo be explained . The supporter can be assessed the league which is good , said lsi . Compared with lpi , a team that plays in a lsi is far superior in terms of a field and the composition of the players also used to play . In the resolution pssi has been sacrificed persipura to play in the province of asia . This is very sadly because persipura football team is best that owned by indonesia at this time . To replace persipura , pssi has appointed a team from the far below its persipura lpi class . Indirectly this will make imdonesia put to shame because of the team were promoted , it will play at the level of asia which is most likely the team 's no match for those teams of asia and is likely there was no conflict in the later . Thus it is if leaders in an organization is a puppet can be played the role to support mission of certain organizations .

Subject Verb Agreement

 Rule (conditions) of the most important in the United Kingdom is that between the subject verb must be in agreement. That is, if the subject of his singular so verb him must also be singular. Conversely, if the subject of his plural then its verb must be plural, too.

Singular subject
Singular of the verb is subject to with singular subject pronoun he , she , and it , nouns or can , he had been replaced by she or it , while the meaning of verbs is singular verb1 + / s ice , is / was , and verb phrase is such as : / / was + verb-ing verb3 , has + verb3 , has been verb-ing and has been verb3 . 

Plural subject
Plural verb the meaning of plural subject is subject pronouns like i , we , you , they , and all the plural nouns. While the meaning of verbs and verbs plural verb phrase is singular in addition to verbs in the top .


1. - He/She/It + Has + Been + Verb-ing
       He has been fishing. (singular)
     - I/We/You/They + Have + Been + Verb-ing
       I have been fishing. (plural)

 2. -He/She/it + is going to + verb1
       She is going to dance. (singular)
     -I/we/you/they + am/are going to + verb1

       They are going to dance. (plural)

3. - He/She/It + is going to + be verb-ing
       He is going to be teaching. (singular)
    - I/we/you/they + am/are going to + be verb-ing
       I am are going to be teaching. (plural)

4. - He/She/it + was going to + verb1
       She was going to play. (singular)
    - I/we/you/they + was/were going to + verb1
       We were going to play. (plural)

5. - He/She/It + was going to + be verb-ing
      She was going to be reading. (singular)
    - I/we/you/they + was/were going to + be verb-ing
      They were going to be reading. (plural)

6.  - He/She/it + is
        He is good for me. (singular)
     -  I/we/you/they + am/are
        They are good for me. (plural)

7.   - He/She/it + is + being
        She is being nice to me. (singular)
      -  I/we/you/they + am/are + being
         They are being nice to me. (plural)

8.    -  He/She/it + was
          It was nice to me. (singular)
       -  I/we/you/they + was/were
          You was nice to me. (plural)

9.   - He/She/it + verb1 + es/s
        He plays. (singular)
      - I/we/you/they + verb1
        They play. (plural)

10. - He/She/it + was + verb-ing
         He was running. (singular)
      - I/we/you/they + was/were + verb-ing
         They were running. (plural)

Kulit Kita

Kulit yang menutupi permukaan tubuh kita termasuk organ terbesar ddalam tubuh kita. Lapisan kulit dapat mencapai ketebalan 2mm. Sel-sel kulit selalu mengalami pergantian dalam hidupnya, setiap menit sekitar 50.000sel kulit mengalami pergantian.
• Menurut orang Romawi kuno, kata musculus (otot, dalam pengertian kita) berarti tikus kecil. Disebut demikian karena bntuk otot biseps ketika berkontraksi menyerupai bentuk tikus kecil pada kulit.
• Otot dibangun oleh sel-sel panjang yang disebut serabut-serabut otot. Panjang satu serabut otot dapat mencapai 30 cm, tetapi lebih tipis daripaa rambut.
• Otot memiliki ukura yang bervariasi. Otot terbesar dan terkuat adalah otot gluteus maximus (pada pantat), sedangkan otot yang paling kecil adalah otot stapedius yang panjangnya hanya 0.04 inci atau 1mm (di dalam telinga). Otot stapedius berperan dalam mlindungi telinga akibat suara yang keras.
• Otot mata mampu bergerak lebih dari 100.000 kali selama 24 jam. Otot tersebut banyak bergrak pada saat seseorang tidur atau bermimpi.

Keadaan Ozon Kini

Lapisan Ozon terbentuk dari molekul-molekul Ozon yang terkonsentrasi di bagian stratosfir pada ketinggian 15 – 60 km diatas permukaan bumi. Lapisan ini dapat menyerap radiasi UV sinar matahari yang berbahaya bagi kehidupan. Keberadaan Ozon sangat dipengaruhi oleh aktifitas manusia seperti penggunaan bahan perusak Ozon, misalnya senyawa Chloro Fluoro Carbon (CFC), Halon, Karbon tetraklorida dan Metil kloroform. Secara alamiah, molekul Ozon terbentuk dan terurai melalui keseimbangan dinamis. Keberadaan bahan-bahan kimia tertentu di stratosfir dapat mengganggu keseimbangan reaksi tersebut.
Kerusakan lapisan Ozon berawal dari adanya emisi molekul gas yang mengandung Klor dan Brom dari proses alamiah maupun aktifitas manusia. Radiasi matahari memecah molekul gas tersebut menjadi radikal Klor dan Brom. Radikal Klor dan Brom ini akan memecah ikatan gas-gas lain di stratosfir termasuk molekul Ozon. Reaksi yang terjadi menyebabkan molekul Ozon terpecah menjadi Oksigen dan radikal Oksigen. Karena reaksi tersebut berlangsung secara berantai maka konsentrasi ozon di stratosfir akan terus berkurang, sehingga akhirnya dapat membentuk lubang Ozon.
Penipisan lapisan Ozon menyebabkan fungsinya untuk menyerap radiasi UV menjadi berkurang. Akibatnya intensitas radiasi UV yang mencapai permukaan bumi meningkat. Paparan radiasi UV yang berlebihan terhadap manusia, hewan, tanaman dan bahan-bahan bangunan dapat berdampak negatif. Dampak negatif pada manusaia misalnya dapat menimbulkan kanker kulit, katarak mata serta mengurangi daya tahan tubuh terhadap penyakit infeksi. Pada tumbuhan, menyebabkan pertumbuhan tanaman menjadi lambat, bahkan kerdil, sehingga hasil panen menurun dan tanahan hutan rusak. Pada ekosistem air, intensitas UV yang berle bihan memusnahkan organisme kecil yang hidup di permukaan air. Phytoplankton sebagai sumber rantai makanan musnah sehingga memengaruhi kehidupan biota laut.
Untuk menjaga kondisi Ozon tetap baik dapat dilakukan dengan membatasi/mengurangi emisi bahan perusak ozon menggantinya dengan bahan yang ramah Ozon, melestarikan hutan dan mencegah pembakaran hutan, serta mengurangi tingkat polusi dengan penggunaan sumber energi ramah lingkungan.